Active bone and joint stabilization device features

ABSTRACT

Components and associated methods of manufacture or assembly and/or use for bone and joint stabilization devices or systems are described. The components include features for device introduction, attaching a distal anchoring foot or threaded screw to an elongate spring-type member, anchoring head features for stabilizing position of the elongate member when engaged within the head and/or digital or electronic methods for tensioning the subject devices.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 62/543,272, filed Aug. 9, 2017, andentitled, “BONE AND JOINT STABILIZATION ATTACHMENT FEATURES,” which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety for any and allpurposes.

FIELD

The embodiments described herein are related in the field of surgeryand, more particularly, for use in bone fusion, joint stabilizationand/or fracture fixation surgery.

BACKGROUND

Various devices have been employed in orthopedic surgery for bone fusionand/or joint stabilization. Bone screws, staples and plates have servedas a set of rigid options. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,959,064; 6,656,184;7,833,256; 7,985,222; 8,048,134; 8,449,574 and 8,491,583, as well asU.S. Publication No. 2006/0264954, describe examples of screw-typedevices with incorporated tensioning springs or members.Button-and-suture type devices have provided a more flexible set ofoptions, examples of which are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,235,091;7,875,057 and 8,348,960. However, the aforementioned examples have manyshortcomings, and needs exist to address these shortcomings and others.

SUMMARY

Provided herein are example embodiments of bone and/or jointstabilization devices that can be tensioned during a medical procedureto remain active in maintaining compression of the subject anatomyduring use. In many embodiments, an orthopedic surgery device or systemincludes an elongate member or body, optionally including a springpattern having a plurality of beams, each including a lateral componentfree to deflect when stretching the elongate body axially. An anchoringhead can receive the elongate body and may secure it with a one-way(e.g., ratcheting) interface. Two such anchors may be used, or one suchanchor may be used with a deployable foot or screw anchor used to anchoran opposite end of the elongate body. Details of elongate springmembers, as well as anchoring head and foot features, are further setforth in US Publication No. 2016/0213368 (“Active Tension Bone and JointStabilization Devices”) and Int'l Publication No. WO 2016/122944(“Active Tension Bone and Joint Stabilization Devices”) both of whichare incorporated by reference herein in their entities for all purposes.Suitable methods of medical use also applicable to the presentembodiments are described with respect to FIGS. 8-15 of the incorporatedU.S. Publication No. 2016/0213368 and Int'l Publication No. WO2016/122944.

Many embodiments described herein include optional elongate springmember features as well as optional aspects associated with theanchoring head, anchoring foot and a screw-type anchor (e.g., theattachment features). Digital or electronic tensioning method and systemembodiments are also described.

Various assembled parts may be provided in packaged combination in a kitto be acquired by the medical professional. The elongate spring membermay be loaded in a sheath with a portion of an anchoring foot toposition the anchoring foot in alignment with the elongate body forimplantation. In producing a final assembly (e.g., carried out by aphysician in situ), the elongate spring member or body may be receivedat a proximal end by an anchoring head. A tooth or multiple teeth in ananchoring head may be engaged with the elongate spring member andadvanced relative to the spring member or body until it is stretched toa desired tension. Tooth engagement may be with through-holes in theelongate spring member or body. Finally, the elongate spring member maybe trimmed to length with flush cutters or a customized unit in either amethod of use and/or manufacture of a final implant configuration.

In sum, the subject device or systems, kits in which they are included(with or without assembly), methods of use (e.g., with implantation,during treatment of a patient while mending and/or for system removal)and manufacture (including assembly of the various components—asapplicable—by a technician prior to sale or during a medical procedureby a surgeon) are all included within the scope of the presentdisclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The details of the subject matter set forth herein, both as to itsstructure and operation, may be apparent by study of the accompanyingfigures, in which like reference numerals may refer to like parts. Thecomponents in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis insteadbeing placed upon illustrating the principles of the subject matter. Theillustrations are intended to convey concepts, where relative sizes,shapes and other detailed attributes may either be illustratedschematically rather or precisely. To-scale features (e.g., as fromengineering drawings and/or photographs) may be relied upon asantecedent basis for claim support.

FIGS. 1A-1C are side-perspective views of different example embodimentsof the subject medical devices or systems.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are perspective detail and cross-sectional views,respectively, of example embodiments of the elongate spring member andan anchoring head configuration.

FIG. 3 is a face or top view of a section of an example embodiment of anelongate spring member pattern.

FIGS. 4A-4C are top, bottom and a side section (with detail) views,respectively, of an example embodiment of the anchoring head shown inFIGS. 2A and 2B.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are perspective views of different anchoring footembodiments.

FIG. 6 is an end view of the same pieces shown in FIGS. 5A and 5Boverlaid on one another.

FIG. 7 is flowchart for an example embodiment of a digital tensioningsystem method.

FIG. 8 is a top view of an example embodiment of an elongate springmember including an integral introducer.

FIG. 9 is a top view of an example embodiment of an elongate springmember including a sacrificial tab with an eyelet for attachment of theneedle or stylet introducer also pictured.

FIG. 10A is a side assembly view of a distal end of an exampleembodiment of a system in which an elongate spring member including adistal tab is fit into and secured with a screw head; FIG. 10B is a faceor top view of the distal end of the FIG. 10A construct.

FIG. 11 is a face or top view of an example embodiment of a hybridspring-member/suture-button device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various example embodiments are shown in the figures and furtherdescribed below. Reference is made to these examples in a non-limitingsense, as it should be noted that they are provided to illustrate morebroadly applicable aspects of the devices, systems and/or methods.Various changes may be made to these embodiments and equivalents may besubstituted without departing from the true spirit and scope of thevarious embodiments. In addition, many modifications may be made toadapt a particular situation, material, composition of matter, process,process act(s) or step(s) to the objective(s), spirit or scope of thepresent invention. All such modifications are intended to be within thescope of the claims that can be made herein.

The subject methods, including methods of use and/or manufacture, may becarried out in any order of the events which is logically possible, aswell as any recited order of events. Medical methods may include any ofa hospital staffs activities associated with device provision, implantintroduction, positioning and/or re-positioning, and surgical access,closure and/or removal (e.g., as in an explant procedure).

EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

Example embodiment 100 in FIG. 1A includes an elongate spring member orbody 10 in the form of a stretchable or spring-type architectureincluding multiple beams or beam members 12. The beams 12 can eachinclude a lateral component free to deflect for stretching the springmember axially. In the spring pattern, lateral bars 14 are provided inopposing pairs joined to each other at an outer extent connector 16 ofeach beam. Each such connector 16 may be a curved continuation of eachbar 14 or beam 12 or otherwise configured (e.g., as described inconnection with FIG. 3). Each pair of beams 12 is connected to anaxially adjacent pair by a medial connector or bridge 18. The beams 12or beam pairs serve as leaf spring elements in series that are arrangedin cells 20.

Embodiments 110 and 120 in FIGS. 1B and 1C include similar spring membersections 112 and 122, respectively. These embodiments also each includea longitudinal extension section 114 and 124, respectively. Together thespring and the axial or longitudinal extension sections define anoverall elongate body 116 and 126 for each of embodiments 110 and 120,respectively.

Embodiments 110 and 120 employ different anchoring features than inembodiment 100. In embodiment 100, two opposite-facing one-way anchorheads 30 are used. Heads 30 are “one-way” because they are configured tobe readily advanced along cells 20 in only one direction, and areconfigured to resist movement in the opposite direction, e.g., like aratchet or zip-tie head. In embodiments 110 and 120, only one anchor oranchoring head 30 is used together with a pivoting foot anchor 60.Embodiment 110 includes a straight extension 114 from its spring membersection 112. Embodiment 120 includes a twisted extension 124 from itsspring member section 122. A socket 130 with a through hole or aperture(not shown) is formed at the end of each extension.

The anchor or anchoring foot 60 in each of embodiments 110 and 120 mayinclude a body 62 with an oval, race-track or rectangular planformshape. Generally, the height, length and width of foot 60 will beminimized while still maintaining adequate surface area and strength forload bearing. The distal or outboard surface 64 of foot 60 may be fullyradiused to decrease crossing profile and/or to improve or enhance theinterface with overlying tissue without significant loss of strength.

Projections or bosses 66 extend above a proximal or inboard surface 68of foot 60. A transverse hole 70 is formed in each boss 66. A pin 80 isreceived through each of through holes 70 and an aperture in theextensions 114/124 to attach each foot 60 in embodiments 110 and 120. Aninterference or press fit can be advantageously employed between pin 80and the aperture in extension 114/124 while the through holes 70 inbosses 66 remain free to pivot or spin around pin 80. Alternatively,bosses 66 may be configured for an interference fit with pin 80 withrotation allowed through the aperture in extension 114/124.

In the case of embodiment 110, its extension 114 can be laser cut (orotherwise manufactured) with pin-hole socket 130 produced along withspring member section 112. In embodiment 120, the extension 124 withsocket 130 is formed straight, followed by heatsetting to achieve astable, final configuration that includes a twist or offset (e.g., 45-90degrees). In some embodiments, when the elongate member or body 126 isproduced in NiTi alloy, the heatsetting may be accomplished by exposingthe material to 500-550° C. for up to about 5 minutes in a furnace orsalt bath while held twisted in a jig or otherwise.

The configuration with a twist heatset into extension 124 allows footanchor 60 to “stow” flat against elongate body 122. Or stated otherwise,the proximal surface 68 of anchoring foot 60 aligns with a face (F) ofthe spring member section 122 when the foot is pivoted for deployment.Without the twist, extension 114 can be advantageously sized in lengthso that the tip(s) or end(s) 72 of the foot anchor fit adjacent to beamsegments 16 of spring member section 112 adjacent to (rather thanoverlapping) the terminal cell 20 of the spring member section—as shownin the example of FIG. 1B.

Because of the 90 degree “phase” difference of orientation for the footrelative to spring member section 112/122 in each of embodiments 110 and120, one may be selected instead of another for treating a given type oforthopedic injury. Stated otherwise, a surgeon may select and/or orientor “clock” the device preferentially in one direction or the other inorder to offer greater stabilization and/or mobility around a selectedaxis (given any difference in lateral flexibility between differentorientations of the spring member).

Regardless of the embodiment selected, the pinned-on-foot embodiments ofFIGS. 1B and 1C are advantageous in terms of their robust connection andease of precision manufacture. So-connected or affixed, the anchoringfoot 60 can rotate from a position aligned with the elongate body112/122 to a position transverse (or at least angled, typically upwardsof about 45 or about 60 degrees up to 90 degrees) to the elongate body112/122 for anchoring the overall device during a medical procedure.Complicating features (e.g., means providing a bias towards thetransverse position by an integral or a supplemental spiral spring toaid transition from the foot's axial delivery configuration to itsimplanted position) may be provided. Alternatively, one or more pullwires or cords may be employed to accomplish or assist with suchrotation.

The elongate body 112/122 in the subject embodiments may be covered by asheath prior to deployment. If implanted, the sheath may prevent tissueingrowth. Alternatively, the sheath may be used to support the elongatebody 112/122 for advancement into place and/or hold distal anchor (e.g.,anchoring foot) position. The sheath may be trimmed to desired lengthbefore or after any such activity, or it may be selected from a panel ofdifferent length pre-trimmed sheaths. It may be removed as part of anoverall orthopedic injury treatment method along with the elongatemember and head and foot anchors, after healing. Or the sheath may beleft in place, serving the purpose of allowing removal of the elongatemember as part of this or these method(s) or as a separate removalprocedure method.

In FIGS. 2A and 2B, detailed aspects of the anchoring head 30 in FIGS.1A-1C are shown. As stated above, the anchor or anchoring head 30 isdesigned for one-way advancement over the spring member body 10 or bodysection 112, 126, etc. As shown, at least one tooth 32 in each anchoringhead interacts with the apertures or windows 22 defined within each cell20 of the spring body or portion.

The overall shape of the anchor head body 34 may be round, square orotherwise configured. Indeed, the support structure (e.g., the body) forincluded support columns 36 and teeth 32 in a given anchor head may beintegrated in an orthopedic plate (e.g., as integrally formed orpress-fit therein) or otherwise provided. As illustrated with includeddraft angles, anchor 30 can be advantageously injection molded inbiocompatible poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) polymer material.Nevertheless, other anchor and/or coordinated body configurations orconstructions may be employed in the subject devices or systems.

With respect to the elongate spring member section 130 shown, the cells20 in the spring pattern can include a pre-set curve 132 for toothinterface. The curve flattens when under stress to provide a relativelymore flattened, stress-reducing interface with the anchor head teeth 32when at high stress and/or strain. Another optional feature involvescutouts 134 included to increase beam flexibility adjacent to medialbridge or connector 18 between adjacent sets of bars or beam sections16.

If such features are used in a system 100 with two anchoring heads 30(that can be configured the same but applied to the elongate springmember 10 facing in opposite directions) their pattern can be reversed,e.g., can have a mirror image pattern on each side of the elongate body.

However, neither of these features are essential. A flat beamarchitecture of the elongate spring body 10 or elongate spring membersection 112/122 may be used like that illustrated and further describedin connection with FIG. 3.

Regardless, the cutaway view of the beams in FIG. 2B shows that thebeams 12 largely lie within planes that are substantially orthogonal toan axis (A) of the elongate spring member section 130. The same relationholds for the other spring member bodies and sections 10/112/122, etc.shown herein.

Regarding the anchoring head 30 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, it employsopposing teeth 32 shown engaged across the lateral bars 14 that make upthe beams 12 of the spring body section 130. Guide slots, troughs orchannels 38 are provided. These slots 38 may be full-length orfull-height (minus any introduction radius, chamfer or taper) relativeto the anchoring head body 34 and configured to closely fit the width(W) of the elongate spring member section. This fore-aft orfront-to-back face clearance of the sides of elongate body section 130within the slots 38 is minimized to the extent possible givenmanufacturing tolerances to provide only a close slip fit. Accordingly,about 0.005 inches overall gap or clearance is provided. Preferably,between 0.002 to 0.003 inches gap or clearance is provided at thetightest point. Lateral or side-to-side clearance of the elongate springmember section 130 in the guide slots 38 may be similarly minimized.

In addition, the support columns 36 for the teeth in the subjectanchoring heads 30 are configured with an inner surface 40 thatparallels the side faces 42 of the slot 38 as much as possible (e.g.,given molding draft angle considerations). Stated otherwise, the columnsor beams 36 supporting or carrying the teeth 32 are configured (minusany introduction radius, chamfer or taper) to provide outward(fore-and-aft) support to the faces (F) of elongate spring membersection 130 (e.g., for at least about 40% of the height of the anchoringhead, up to 60% or more) together with the sides 42 of the guide slot38. As such, the support columns 36 can work in conjunction with thechannels or slot 38 to provide robust constrain in positioning theelongate spring member section 130 (or other examples 10, 112, 122,etc.) therebetween.

The guide slots 38 and support column surfaces 40 (alone and/or incombination) can be important in maintaining both teeth 32 engaged witha spring member beam 12 when the anchor head 30 is canted or set at anangle as it rests on a plate or anatomy adjacent the ends of a guidehole drilled in bone. Without the support column constraint, flex in theelongate member 10 or spring member section 112/122/130 (or 140/152/162,182 as referenced below) could cause disengagement from fine or smallslot features 38 when the elongate spring member or section istensioned. Without the centering provided by the slot 38, disengagementof at least one of the teeth 32 could follow. Stated otherwise,employing precision guide features in the anchoring head 30 maintainscentral elongate spring member 10 or section 112/122/130 etc.positioning to keep the oppositely-facing teeth 32 engaged with thespring member element. This enables the teeth 32 to support the tensileload applied or transmitted through beams 12 of the spring membertogether in a “parallel” (literally and figuratively) arrangement.

The spring member section or pattern 140 shown in FIG. 3 is configuredto coordinate further with the guides 38 optionally provided in theanchoring head 30. Specifically, the pattern includes flattened sides142. To produce these shapes, the external radii 144 of connectionsbetween adjacent beam pairs at their lateral extent may be minimizedand/or the lateral connectors 16 between adjacent sets of beamslengthened. These (relatively extended) flat section(s) 142 providefurther means of ensuring spring member guide slot retention. Thesefeatures are optional, however, as even round-ended elongate springmember cells such as shown in FIGS. 8, 9, 11 and the aboveincorporated-by-reference disclosure are well-retained within the guidefeatures.

FIGS. 4A-4C further detail aspects of optional guide slots 38 aspictured. The detail view in FIG. 4C also illustrates an optional tooth32 profile that eases elongate spring member loading into the anchor 30.

With an inner surface 40 of the support columns or beams 36 at or nearvertical (e.g., within between about 2 and 5 degrees of vertical toprovide draft angle for molding), each tooth 32 is configured to extendpast the support column inner surface 40. Such a tooth configurationadvantageously includes multiple faceted angles or a smooth radius orcurve 44 to assist in its interaction with a spring member (a portion ofspring member 10 is shown in phantom like) as it advances within theanchoring head 30.

As shown in the detail view of FIG. 4C, such a configuration can beappreciated in relation to tangent reference angles 46 and 48. In thisrespect, a steeper initial angle 46 (e.g., where an introduced elongatemember 10, etc. has an initial contact angle between about 20 and about30 degrees, see open arrow in connection with phantom line body 10section) minimizes the force required to feed the elongate spring memberinto the anchoring head 30 and laterally displace the teeth 32 (withtheir support columns 36) for elongate spring member advancement (asindicated by the side-to-side arrow).

After the associated initial introduction angle (e.g., tangent withreference angle 44), the cross-section shape may transition or flattento about 40 to about 60 degrees at or near a mid-point (e.g., a“mid-tooth” point plus as measured along its cross-sectional length frombeginning (B) to end (E) within a range of about 5 to about 15% ineither direction) of the tooth 32. Doing so increases the length of thetooth 32 (e.g., for a given height) fitting into cell apertures 22 (orotherwise) into the selected elongate spring member.

A final radiused section 50 may also (or alternatively, if used alone)be applied to the tooth 32 profile in order to protect its upper edgeagainst abrasion and/or chipping (e.g., as compared to having the tooth32 cross-section in the view of FIG. 4C end in a point). This can beparticularly helpful as the tooth reciprocates (again, as indicated bythe double-arrow) in and out of adjacent cells 20 of the elongate springmember as the anchor 30 is advanced over the same (or as the elongatespring member is pulled through the body, in a relative or absolutesense). As illustrated in FIG. 4C, these two contiguous or blendedcurves 44 and 50 may define the “feed” profile of each anchoring headtooth 32. With such a profile, no radius or taper need be applied to theelongate body 10, etc. to facilitate loading into the anchoring head 30.However, such processing remains an option.

Note that it is not desirable to start the tooth angle (is indicated bytangent line 46) at less than about 20 degrees. The reason for this isthat doing so will simply increase the height of the tooth to bereceived within the openings 22 of the elongate member. Starting theangle at about 20 degrees or more results in the immediate applicationof an appreciable lateral component of force to deflect the supportcolumn 36 of each tooth 32. Yet, reduction from a 45 degree contactangle (e.g., as disclosed in the '022 patent application referenceabove) improves the mechanical advantage for introducing the elongatespring member as it ramps over the tooth surface. Doing so isparticularly useful as this initial contact occurs with the leastmechanical advantage (i.e., with the shortest lever-arm length) fordeflecting each tooth support beam or column.

In any case, the teeth 32 and apertures or window cutouts 22 in thespring member are adapted to work together in a ratchet-type interfacethat allows advancement in one direction and holds a locked position inthe other. To minimize height or profile of the anchoring head 30, itmay be limited to having two teeth, directly opposite or facing oneanother, as shown. In other works, vertically stacking multiple teeth ascommon with zip ties is advantageously avoided—although not prohibited.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are perspective views of different anchoring footembodiments. They vary in terms of the configuration of their attachmentboss sections. In the anchoring foot 60 shown in FIG. 5A, boss 66 iscapped with a full radius or half-cylinder cap 74. In the anchoring foot76 shown in FIG. 5B, the boss 66 features are more complex and includeinward-angled bolsters or fins 78 that increase the available materialto resist material failure by pin pull-through. So-configured, the fins78 may be included within the same delivery profile or envelope (e.g.,fit through the same diameter drill hole) as illustrated in connectionwith circle (C) in FIG. 6. With parts produced inpoly-ethyl-ethyl-ketone (PEEK) the inclusion of fins 78 in the designhas been shown to increase in strength from about 30 lbf to about 45 lblbf (i.e., at least about 50%) when comparing the two designs.

With a complete medical device including either foot 60 or in abody-aligned or stowed configuration, the foot and elongate spring bodycan be inserted together through a minimum-diameter hole or channelspanning bone(s), joint space and/or a fracture. Then the system issecured or stabilized with the foot in a fully or partially transverseorientation, with the elongate body received in an anchoring head orotherwise clamped. Further optional method details are noted both aboveand below.

Digital or electronic features may also be included in the subjectdevices or systems. Electronics including digital memory, one or morecomputer processors (general or application-specific processors),displays (including external pads, monitors and smart phones) with orwithout associated computer processing features, and other ancillaryhardware optionally form embodiments hereof. More specific electronichardware is described further below.

As for the associated methodology, FIG. 7 presents a flowchart for adigital system tensioning method 200. The method operates on theprinciple of frequency harmonics for a system having known physicalparameters. For an implanted device 100, 110, 120 or another like it,higher tension on the elongate spring member results in the springmember having a higher natural frequency or frequencies. Withcalibration performed in advance that relates the known configuration ofthe elongate spring member body (e.g., body 10, 116 or 126 the latterincluding extensions 114 and 124, respectively) to an implanted sectionof the spring body between its anchor points, tension on the member canbe determined according to method 200. This calibration step isoptionally included in the subject method at 210.

In any case, at 220, the effective length of the elongate spring member(i.e., its length between anchor points of contact) is measured. Themeasurement may be performed using dedicated calipers or in connectionwith a surgical clamp otherwise used for reducing the treatment sight.The length obtained may be measured between two head-type anchors 30(e.g., as shown in FIG. 1A), or between one head-type anchor 30 and afoot anchor 60 (as shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C) or otherwise.

At 230 (with a device configuration, optionally, as shown in FIG. 1Abefore trimming its surplus body length 202 off flush with the anchor 30to finish the device during implantation) the spring member body 10 isperturbed. To do so, length 202 may be plucked like a guitar string. At240, an exposed anchor (typically, though not necessarily, a head-typeanchor 30 on the same side as the plucked length 202 of the springmember body) is tested with a vibration detector. The spring frequency(at resonance) transmitted though the anchor is recorded.

To obtain this reading or measurement, any suitable sensor probe ordetector may be employed. If a piezo-electric sensor probe is employed,the anchor will be contacted. For a non-contact method, a laser-basedvibration detector may be employed.

At 250, the tension on the spring member body is estimated using therecorded frequency (which signal may be filtered for high frequencyharmonics, alone), measured effective length and calibrationinformation. Results are communicated or output at 260. The form theresults output may vary in accordance with any desired user interface(UI).

For example, the estimated tension between anchors (or compressionapplied to the underlying anatomy by the anchors) may be output.Alternatively, a green light emitting diode (LED) may illuminate ifproper tension is applied. If not, a user might tighten the anchor(s)and re-test starting at 220 or 230. Conversely, a red LED or otherdisplayed alert might indicate over-tensioning. In which case, thesurgeon might choose to cut off one anchor (e.g., using side cutters andcutting through its PEEK body) and apply a new anchoring head that istensioned as desired.

Other optional embodiment features are shown in FIG. 8. Here, anelongate body 150 is shown that includes each of a spring member sectionor portion 152 with repeating cells 20 and integral introducer section154. These portions are connected with a final medial connector orbridge 18. Other connection configurations are possible as well.

In this example, introducer 154 (optionally referred to as a needle,although it will typically be square or rectangular in profile ifintegrally cut with the spring pattern), is stiff and will pass straightthough surgical incisions and drill-holes in bone and other soft tissue.Once passed, it can be trimmed off at the bridge 18 (as indicated bydashed line) and the remaining elongate spring body section 152 usedjust as spring member 10 in device 100.

Also, the introducer or needle section 154 may include an atraumatic tip156 as pictured. Alternatively, it may be provided with a pointed (evensharpened) tip like the needle pictured in FIG. 9.

In FIG. 9, a system 160 a spring body section or portion 162 isconnected to a tab 164 that optionally including an eyelet 166. A needle168 for coordinated use may include suture ends swaged into a lumen ofthe needle to form a loop 170. In which case, one end of the sutureforming the loop may pass through eyelet 166 formed in tab 164 beforeswaging.

Alternatively, the loop may be secured in the eyelet 168 with a Girthhitch or Prusik knot after formation. In yet another approach, theneedle also includes an eyelet (not shown) and a loop (optionally formedwith braided material using a long bury splice or simple knot to closethe loop) connects the two eyelets.

Note that the suture material referenced above may include braidedultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE, UHMW) or othermaterial. The same is true for the embodiment in FIG. 11.

In any case, after the attached needle (optionally referred to as aBeath needle) is used to pull the spring member into position during amedical procedure, tab 166 can be cut-off and discarded as with theneedle in embodiment 150. The optional rounded-end 168 of the tab mayassist in its passing through or past body tissue. However, the end maybe more pointed or even flat.

The assembly 180 shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B advantageously use aflat-end tab version of the spring member shown in FIG. 9. This springmember 182 has its end tab 164 fit into a slot 184 and secured by a pin80 within a screw head 186. In FIG. 10B, the manner in which tab 184extends above the face or shoulder 188 of the screw provides drivesurfaces (D) extending at least about 1 mm for interface with acomplimentary driver tool or socket.

As referenced above, the system embodiment 190 in FIG. 11 includessuture material. One or two strands 192 of such material may beprovided. As shown in this side view, they pass through a pair ofanchors 30. To facilitate such use, the anchors may have through holesets as picture in FIGS. 4A in 4B.

In FIG. 4A, a single set of holes 194 is provide in a positioned inplaces where ejector pin marks may be set. In which case, the holes canbe drilled-out in a subsequent machining operation. However, they may beformed during injection molding. The same is true if two sets of holeslocations 196A and 196B are provided as shown in FIG. 4B.

A single suture strand 192 is passed through each set of holes 194 inthe pair of anchors 30 shown. Upon tying its loose ends 198, the anchorsare captured within the resulting loop. If anchors are selected with twosets of holes 196A and 196B, two suture stands are used to produce twoloops when tied down.

In any case, the elongate spring member section 10′ (i.e., the fullelongate spring member 10 or another, after trimmed to length) providesa constant tension upon preload application. The suture loops will limitmaximum extension of the spring. Note also, that system 190 can beimplemented with splice “ties” instead of knots as is well known inexisting suture-button devices. As a hybrid approach, however, theelements in embodiment 190 work together to offer certain heretoforeunknown advantages.

Medical Methods

With an injury (e.g., a fracture or sprain) reduced to an anatomicposition, one or more of the subject device embodiments is installed viaincision(s) and pre-drilled hole(s). After satisfactory tensioning(either preloading by pulling the spring member body through the anchor,pulling the spring member body and pushing the anchor forward, or simplyby releasing the reduction with the anchors already snugged in place),any remaining end(s) of the elongates spring member is trimmed flushwith associated anchor(s) using a commercially available cutter.Alternatively, a modified version of a cable tie tool or so-called“zip-tie gun” may be used to automatically or semi-automatically tightenand/or trim the system. However, preload application is accomplished,the subject devices remain active to provide continuous compressionallowing for anatomical motion across a joint or provide a lessstressful alternative to a stiff screw for a bone break. Finally, asreferenced above, suitable methods of medical use also applicable to thepresent embodiments are described with respect to FIGS. 8-15 of theincorporated U.S. Publication No. 2016/0213368 and Int'l Publication No.WO 2016/122944.

Digital Hardware

The calculation or processes carried out in connection with theembodiments herein may be implemented or performed with a generalpurpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an ApplicationSpecific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistorlogic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designedto perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processormay be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may beany conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or statemachine. The processor can be part of a computer system that also has auser interface port that communicates with a user interface, and whichreceives commands entered by a user, has at least one memory (e.g., harddrive or other comparable storage, and random access memory) that storeselectronic information including a program that operates under controlof the processor and with communication via the user interface port, anda video output that produces its output via any kind of video outputformat, e.g., VGA, DVI, HDMI, USBC, Display Port, or any other form.

A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computingdevices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiplemicroprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSPcore, or any other such configuration. These devices may also be used toselect values for devices as described herein. The camera may be adigital camera of any type including those using CMOS, CCD or otherdigital image capture technology.

The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with theembodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in asoftware module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two.A software module may reside in Random Access Memory (RAM), flashmemory, Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM),Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, aremovable disk, an optical disc, or any other form of storage mediumknown in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to theprocessor such that the processor can read information from, and writeinformation to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storagemedium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storagemedium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal. Inthe alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside asdiscrete components in a user terminal.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, the functions described may beimplemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof.If implemented in software, the functions may be encoded as instructionsand data in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, for example, acomputer memory. When executed by a processor, the encoded instructionsmay cause an apparatus, for example a flow sensor, to perform a methodas described herein. Computer-readable media includes both computerstorage media and communication media including any medium thatfacilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Anon-transitory computer-readable medium may include any non-transitorymedium suitable for access and decoding by a computer. By way ofexample, and not limitation, such non-transitory computer-readable mediacan include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage,magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any othermedium that can be used to encode desired program code in the form ofnon-transitory instructions or data structures and that can be accessedby a computer. The memory storage can also be rotating magnetic harddisk drives, optical disk drives, or flash memory based storage drivesor other such solid state, magnetic, or optical storage devices. Also,any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. Forexample, if the software is transmitted from a web site, server, orother remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twistedpair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such asinfrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber opticcable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared,radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk anddisc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, opticaldisc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc wheredisks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce dataoptically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be includedwithin the scope of computer-readable media.

Operations as described herein can be carried out on or over a website.The website can be operated on a server computer or operated locally,e.g., by being downloaded to the client computer, or operated via aserver farm. The website can be accessed over a mobile phone or a PDA,or on any other client. The website can use HTML code in any form, e.g.,MHTML, or XML, and via any form such as cascading style sheets (“CSS”)or other.

Variations

The elongate spring members may be laser-cut in NiTi alloy that issuperelastic at human body temperature (37° C.) or below andsubsequently electropolished. Other material options for the springmember include β-titanium alloys, certain higher performance plasticsincluding poly-ethely-ethly-ketone (PEEK) or other materials with atleast relatively high reversible strain properties. The anchors (headsor feet) may be molded in PEEK or machined in stainless steel or anothermaterial. Molded anchors optionally include markers or may be loadedwith barium sulfate for radiopacity. Markers may take the form of discsor “pucks” pressed into pockets or may be in the form of a disc or rimattached to the marker. In the case of an anchor head, such a disc orrim is optionally round, in the case of an anchoring foot it may beoblong or racetrack shaped. Suitable marker materials include tantalum,stainless steel and even NiTi. Any cross pins used may be made ofstainless steel, NiTi or another suitable metal alloy. The same is trueof any screw heads, though they might alternatively be made of PEEK,especially if to be used in as a soft-tissue anchor. Many other materialoptions exist and are not intended to limit the invention unlessso-claimed.

Furthermore, where a range of values is provided, it is understood thatevery intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that rangeand any other stated or intervening value in the stated range isencompassed within the invention. Also, it is contemplated that anyoptional feature of the inventive variations described may be set forthand claimed independently, or in combination with any one or more of thefeatures described herein. Moreover, no limitations from thespecification are intended to be read into any claims, unless thoselimitations are expressly included in the claims.

As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”,and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictatesotherwise. In other words, use of the articles allow for “at least one”of the subject items in the description above as well as the claimsbelow. The claims may exclude any optional element. As such, thisstatement is intended to serve as antecedent basis for use of suchexclusive terminology as “solely,” “only” and the like in connectionwith the recitation of claim elements, or use of a “negative”limitation.

Without the use of such exclusive terminology, the term “comprising” inthe claims shall allow for the inclusion of any additional elementirrespective of whether a given number of elements are enumerated in theclaim, or the addition of a feature could be regarded as transformingthe nature of an element set forth in the claims.

The publications discussed herein are provided solely for theirdisclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothingherein is to be construed as an admission that the present disclosure isnot entitled to antedate such publication by virtue of prior disclosure.Further, the dates of publication provided may be different from theactual publication dates which may need to be independently confirmed.

The subject matter described herein and in the accompanying figures isdone so with sufficient detail and clarity to permit the inclusion ofclaims, at any time, in means-plus-function format pursuant to 35 U.S.C.Section 112, Part (f). However, a claim is to be interpreted as invokingthis means-plus-function format only if the phrase “means for” isexplicitly recited in that claim.

While the embodiments are susceptible to various modifications andalternative forms, specific examples thereof have been shown in thedrawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood,however, that these embodiments are not to be limited to the particularform disclosed, but to the contrary, these embodiments are to cover allmodifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spiritof the disclosure. Furthermore, any features, functions, acts, steps, orelements of the embodiments may be recited in or added to the claims, aswell as negative limitations that define the inventive scope of theclaims by features, functions, acts, steps, or elements that are notwithin that scope.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A medical device comprising: an elongatespring member including a plurality of lateral beams and a longitudinalextension from a distal extent of the beams, wherein the longitudinalextension is inset from an outer extent of the plurality of lateralbeams and has a length to fit at least part of the ends of the anchoringfoot inward of the outer extent when the anchoring foot is pivoted toalign with the longitudinal extension; a distal end of the lateralextension including an aperture; an anchoring foot including a firstend, a second end and pivot holes therebetween; and a pin received bythe anchoring foot pivot holes and the aperture in the longitudinalextension.
 2. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the plurality oflateral beams are orthogonal to an axis of the elongate spring member.3. The medical device of claim 1, further comprising an anchoring headthat interfaces with the plurality of lateral beams.
 4. The medicaldevice of claim 3, wherein the anchoring head and anchoring footcomprise PEEK polymer material.
 5. The medical device of claim 3,wherein the anchoring head comprises two teeth directly across from oneanother and side slots configured to constrain elongate spring membermovement therebetween.
 6. The medical device of claim 5, wherein theteeth are carried by support columns that include a substantiallyvertical inner surface and work with the side slots to constrainmovement of the elongate spring member.
 7. The medical device of claim1, wherein the anchoring foot is connected by a pin passing through apair of bosses extending proximally from a proximal surface of the foot.8. The medical device of claim 7, wherein each boss is capped with afull radius terminating at the proximal surface of the foot.
 9. Themedical device of claim 7, wherein each boss is capped by aninwardly-angled or curved fin.
 10. The medical device of claim 1,wherein the spring member and the extension are produced in a singlepiece of material.
 11. The medical device of claim 10, wherein thematerial comprises NiTi alloy that is superelastic at human bodytemperature.
 12. The medical device of claim 11, wherein the springmember is electropolished.
 13. A medical device comprising: an elongatespring member having a longitudinal axis and including a plurality oflateral beams and a longitudinal extension from a distal extent of thebeams, wherein the lateral beams form a plurality of cells to operate asspring elements in series, each cell including an aperture and connectedto an axially adjacent cell by a medial connector, and wherein thelongitudinal extension is inset from an outer extent of the plurality oflateral beams and has a distal end including an aperture; an anchoringfoot including a first end, a second end and pivot holes therebetween;and a pin received by the anchoring foot pivot holes and the aperture inthe longitudinal extension.
 14. The medical device of claim 13, whereinthe longitudinal extension is set twisted 90 degrees and a proximalsurface of the anchoring foot aligns with a face of the elongate springmember when the anchoring foot is pivoted for deployment.
 15. Themedical device of claim 13, wherein the longitudinal extension has alength to fit at least part of the ends of the anchoring foot inward ofthe outer extent when the anchoring foot is pivoted to align with thelongitudinal extension.
 16. The medical device of claim 13, wherein theplurality of lateral beams are orthogonal to an axis of the elongatespring member.
 17. The medical device of claim 13, further comprising ananchoring head that interfaces with the plurality of lateral beams. 18.The medical device of claim 17, wherein the anchoring head and anchoringfoot comprise PEEK polymer material.
 19. The medical device of claim 18,wherein the anchoring head comprises two teeth directly across from oneanother and paired with side slots configured to constrain elongatespring member movement therebetween.
 20. The medical device of claim 19,wherein the teeth are carried by support columns that include asubstantially vertical inner surface and engage with the paired sideslots to constrain movement of the elongate spring member.
 21. Themedical device of claim 13, wherein the spring member and the extensionare produced in a single piece of material.
 22. The medical device ofclaim 21, wherein the material comprises NiTi alloy that is superelasticat human body temperature.
 23. The medical device of claim 13, whereinthe spring member is electropolished.